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Psoriasis

Definition:

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, auto immune, hyperproliferative skin disease, characterised by well-defined, erythematous scaly plaques, particularly affecting extensor surfaces and scalp, and usually follows a relapsing and remitting course. [1]

Overview

Overview

  • It is affects approximately 1.5–3% of Caucasians and is less common in Asian, South American and African populations.
  • It occurs equally in both sexes and at any age; although it is uncommon under the age of 5 years, more than 50% present before the age of 30 years.
  • Furthermore, The age of onset follows a bimodal distribution, with an early-onset type in the teenage or early adult years, often with a family history of psoriasis and more severe disease course. [1]
  • It is an autoimmune condition that causes cells to develop rapidly on the skin.
  • This overgrowth can lead to thick, scaly plaques that may either itch or cause discomfort.
  • In detail, there are several different types of psoriasis that vary, depending on the appearance of the scales and their location on the body.
  • In the United States, over 8 million people have psoriasis.
  • Environmental triggers often cause symptoms of psoriasis to flare.
  • While a person cannot cure these symptoms, additionally recent developments in psoriasis treatment mean that they can reduce the number of flares, and their severity. [2]
Other factors
  • Inflammation also redness around the scales is fairly common.
  • Typical psoriatic scales are whitish-silver and develop in thick, red patches.
  • Sometimes, these patches will crack and bleed.
  • Besides this, It is the result of a speed-up skin production process.
  • Typically, skin cells grow deep in the skin also slowly rise to the surface.
  • Eventually, they fall off.
  • The typical life cycle of a skin cell is one month.
  • In people with this disease, this production process may occur in just a few days.
  • All in all, Because of this, skin cells don’t have time to fall off. This rapid overproduction leads to the buildup of skin cells. [3]

Types

There are several forms of psoriasis, as described below.

Plaque psoriasis:

Plaque Psoriasis

  • Basically, About 80–90% of people with psoriasis have plaque psoriasis.
  • Moreover, It usually shows as raised, inflamed, red lesions, covered by silvery, white scales, most often on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. [2]
  • Besides this, On skin of color, the discoloration is darker and thicker, more of a purple or grayish color or darker brown.
  • They range from coin-size to palm-size.
  • Lastly, They are often itchy and painful, and they can crack and bleed. [3]
Sites:

The most common sites are the extensor surfaces, notably elbows also knees, and the lower back.

Others include:

Scalp:

  • Involvement is seen in approximately 60% of patients.
  • Typically, easily palpable, erythematous scaly plaques are evident within hair-bearing scalp also there is clear demarcation at or beyond the hair margin.
  • Occipital involvement is common also difficult to treat.
  • Less often, fine diffuse scaling may be present also difficult to distinguish from seborrhoeic dermatitis.
  • In detail, Involvement of other ‘seborrhoeic sites’, such as eyebrows, nasolabial folds and the pre-sternal area, is not uncommon and again may confuse with seborrhoeic dermatitis.
  • Lastly, Temporary hair loss can occur but permanent loss is unusual.

Nails:

  • Involvement is common, with ‘thimble pitting’, onycholysis (separation of the nail from the nail bed), subungual hyperkeratosis and periungual involvement.

Flexures:

  • It is of the natal cleft and submammary and axillary folds is usually symmetrical, erythematous and smooth, without scale.

Palms:

It is of the palms can be difficult to distinguish from eczema. [1]

References:

  1. https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis
  2. https://www.drhomeo.com/homeopathy-for-skin/psoriasis-and-its-homeopathic-treatment/

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