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Chronic Pharyngitis

Definition

Chronic Pharyngitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pharynx. Pathologically, it is characterized by hypertrophy of mucosa, seromucous glands, sub epithelial lymphoid follicles also even the muscular coat of the pharynx. [1]

Causes

A large number of factors are responsible:

  1. Persistent infection in the neighborhood. In detail, In chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, purulent discharge constantly trickles down the pharynx and provides a constant source of infection. Furthermore, This causes hypertrophy of the lateral pharyngeal bands. Similarly, chronic tonsillitis and dental sepsis are also responsible for chronic pharyngitis and recurrent sore throats. [1]
  2. Mouth breathing. Besides this, Breathing through the mouth exposes the pharynx to air which has not been filtered, humidified and adjusted to body temperature thus making it more susceptible to infections. Mouth breathing is due to:

(a) Firstly, Obstruction in the nose, e.g. nasal polypi, allergic or vasomotor rhinitis, turbinal hypertrophy, deviated septum or tumors.

(b) Secondly, Obstruction in the nasopharynx, e.g. adenoids and tumors.

(c) Thirdly, Protruding teeth which prevent apposition of lips.

(d) Lastly, Habitual, without any organic cause.

  1. Chronic irritants. For example, Excessive smoking, chewing of tobacco and pan, heavy drinking or highly spiced food can all lead to chronic pharyngitis.
  2. Environmental pollution. In detail, Smoky or dusty environment or irritant industrial fumes may also be responsible for chronic pharyngitis.
  3. Faulty voice production. Less often realized but an important cause of chronic pharyngitis is the faulty voice production. Excessive use of voice or faulty voice production seen in certain professionals or in “pharyngeal neurosis” where person resorts to constant throat clearing, hawking or snorting, also that may cause chronic pharyngitis, especially of hypertrophic variety

Types

Chronic pharyngitis is of two types:

  1. Chronic catarrhal pharyngitis.
  2. Chronic hypertrophic (in other words, granular) pharyngitis

Other types

KERATOSIS PHARYNGITIS

In general, It benign condition characterized by horny excrescences on the surface of tonsils, pharyngeal wall or lingual tonsils. Moreover, They appear as white or yellowish dots. These excrescences the result of hypertrophy also keratinization of epithelium. They are firmly adherent and cannot wipe off. There is no accompanying inflammation nor any constitutional symptoms and thus can easily differentiate from acute follicular tonsillitis. Besides this, The disease may show spontaneous regression and may not require any specific treatment except for reassurance to the patient.

ATROPHIC PHARYNGITIS

It a form of chronic pharyngitis often seen in patients of atrophic rhinitis. Pharyngeal mucosa along with its mucous glands shows atrophy. Additionally, Scanty mucus production by glands leads to formation of crusts, which later get infected giving rise to foul smell.

Dryness also discomfort in throat are the main complaints. Hawking and dry cough may present due to crust formation. Finally, Examination shows dry and glazed pharyngeal mucosa often covered with crusts.

Sign & Symptoms

SIGNS

  1. Chronic catarrhal pharyngitis. In this, there is a congestion of posterior pharyngeal wall with engorgement of vessels; facial pillars may thicken. Additionally, There increased mucus secretion which may cover pharyngeal mucosa.
  2. Chronic hypertrophic (in other words, granular) pharyngitis

(a) Firstly, Pharyngeal wall appears thick and edematous with congested mucosa and dilated vessels.

(b) Secondly, Posterior pharyngeal wall may studded with reddish nodules (hence the term granular pharyngitis). These nodules due to hypertrophy of subepithelial lymphoid follicles normally seen in pharynx. [1]

(c) Thirdly, Lateral pharyngeal bands become hypertrophied.

(d) Lastly, Uvula may be elongated also appear edematous.

SYMPTOMS

Severity of symptoms in chronic pharyngitis varies from person to person.

  1. Discomfort or pain in the throat. Moreover, This is noticed in the mornings.
  2. Foreign body sensation in throat. Generally, Patient has a constant desire to swallow or clear his throat to get rid of this “foreign body.”
  3. Tiredness of voice. Patient cannot speak for long and has to make undue effort to speak as throat starts aching. Besides this, The voice may also lose its quality and may even crack.
  4. Cough. Throat is irritable and there is tendency to cough. Mere opening of the mouth may induce either retching or gagging.

Diagnosis

  • Throat Examination
  • CBC

Treatment

  1. Firstly, In every case of chronic pharyngitis, etiological factor should be sought also eradicated.
  2. Secondly, Voice rest and speech therapy is essential for those with faulty voice production. Hawking, clearing the throat frequently or any other such habit should be stopped.
  3. Thirdly, Warm saline gargles, especially in the morning, are soothing and relieve discomfort.
  4. Besides this, Mandl’s paint may be applied to pharyngeal mucosa.
  5. Lastly, Cautery of lymphoid granules is suggested. Additionally, throat is sprayed with local anesthetic and granules are touched with 10–25% silver nitrate. Either electrocautery or diathermy of nodules may require general anesthesia. [1]

Homeopathic Treatment

Homeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means that homeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his pathological condition. The homeopathic medicines are selected after a full individualizing examination and case-analysis,

which includes

  • the medical history of the patient,
  • physical also mental constitution,
  • family history,
  • presenting symptoms,
  • underlying pathology,
  • possible causative factors etc.

The disease diagnosis is important but in homeopathy, the cause of disease is not just probed to the level of bacteria and viruses. Other factors like mental, emotional and physical stress that could predispose a person to illness are also looked for. No a days, even modern medicine also considers a large number of diseases as psychosomatic. The correct homeopathy remedy tries to correct this disease predisposition.

The focus is not on curing the disease but to cure the person who is sick, to restore the health. If a disease pathology is not very advanced, homeopathy remedies do give a hope for cure but even in incurable cases, the quality of life can be greatly improved with homeopathic medicines.

The homeopathic remedies

The homeopathic remedies (medicines) given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the homeopathy treatment of this condition. The symptoms listed against each homeopathic remedy may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications are also taken into account for selecting a remedy.

Aesculus Hippocampus

Dry, uncomfortable feeling in fauces and pharynx, a sense of constriction, with raw, either excoriated feeling or a sense of pricking and yet no swelling; frequent desire to swallow, uneasiness in deglutition; troublesome tickling cough, with constant hawking up of mucus which is not tenacious or stringy; fauces, vulva and back of pharynx dusky red, relaxed or swollen; tongue coated, feeling of general malaise also depression; catarrhal

irritation of gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, face sallow and digestion slow. ANGINA GRANULOSA IS HERE A MANIFESTATION OF THE HAEMORRHOIDAL DIATHESIS.

Alumina

FEELING OF A SPLINTER IN THROAT, stinging on swallowing; great dryness of throat, especially on awaking voice husky; additionally, constant hawking and a sensation of a lump in throat; thick mucus dropping from posterior nares; swallowing causes crepitation in ears; throat feels relaxed.

Ambragracia

Secretion of mucus in throat, with roughness and rawness, choking and vomiting can hardly be avoided when hawking up phlegm from the fauces; sensation of rawness in velum; foul breath.

Argentum Nit.

CHRONIC ANGINA; uvula and fauces dark-red; thick, tenacious mucus especially, in throat, obliging him to hawk, causing slight hoarseness; sensation as if a splinter had lodged

in throat, when swallowing, eructating, breathing, either stretching or moving neck; wart-like excrescences; dryness of throat on beginning to speak; burning also scraping.

Bromium

PHARYNGITIS CROUPOSA; small follicles in posterior fauces, the inflammation extending to larynx causes a titillating cough; fauces inflamed, with reticulated redness also denuded patches; husky tone of voice.

Drosera

Rough, dry, scraping sensation specifically, on soft palate and in fauces, inducing cough; pharyngeal anaemia; pharynx pale, discolored also blanched, often a premonitory symptom of tuberculosis pulmonum. [2]

Hepar Sulph

Chronic venous congestion of pharyngo-laryngeal mucous membrane; feeling of dullness also constriction in throat, with desire to swallow, but no pain during deglutition; throat

dry and raw, with sensation as if splinter pricked it, of a plug of mucus, which he must swallow or hawk up, mucus sometimes tinged with blood; tickling and harassing cough, dry or coughing up mucus.

Iodum

Croupous pharyngitis. Additionally, sharp burning in pharynx, with rawness extending into the air-passages; feeling of scraping in pharynx; fauces inflamed, with burning also dryness

from throat to stomach; swallowing impeded when drinking water, as if throat were constricted, with distressing thirst.

Kali Bromatum

Acute and chronic pharyngitis; CHRONIC CONGESTION OF FAUCES AND PHARYNGEAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE, follicles looking like little tubercles on pharyngeal wall; uneasiness also pain on swallowing; sensation of dryness, burning, rawness, a scraping feeling or sensation of something sticking in throat;

accumulation of sticky, tenacious mucus in pharynx, with tendency to hoarseness also tickling cough, difficulty of throwing off the stringy mucus; chronic nasal catarrh; tongue coated with a yellow mucus; bitter taste; tendency to nausea; gastric catarrh.

Kali Iod

CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS, stinging and painful pressure when either swallowing or talking; choking sensation as if something had lodged in throat, (>) after hawking up a piece of thick mucus. Lastly, boring, darting pains in ears.

Kali Mur

Pharyngitis, GREAT DEAL OF FOETOR IN BREATH, hawks up cheesy lumps of the size of a split pea; throat swollen, either spots or pustules appear with gray or whitish exudation;   adherent crusts especially, in vault of pharynx; tongue coated grayish-white, slimy or dry;   biliousness, dyspepsia, fatty or rich food causes indigestion. [2]

 

Diet & Regimen

  • Warm Water Gargle
  • Rest
  • Adequate Water
  • Nutritious Diet

FAQs

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Chronic Pharyngitis?

It is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pharynx. Pathologically, it is characterized by hypertrophy of mucosa, seromucous glands, sub epithelial lymphoid follicles and even the muscular coat of the pharynx.

Homeopathic Medicines used by Homeopathic Doctors in treatment of Chronic Pharyngitis?

  • Alumina
  • Ambragracia
  • Argentum Nit
  • Bromium
  • Drosera
  • Hepar Sulph
  • Iodum
  • Kali Bromatum
  • Kali Iod
  • Kali Mur

What are the symptoms of Chronic Pharyngitis?

  • Either Discomfort or pain in the throat
  • Foreign body sensation in throat
  • Tiredness of voice
  • Cough

What are the causes of Chronic Pharyngitis?

  • Persistent infection
  • Mouth breathing
  • Chronic irritants
  • Excessive smoking
  • Environmental pollution
  • Faulty voice production

References:

  1. Diseases_of_Ear_Nose_and_Throat_6Edition
  2. Homoeopathic Therapeutics by Lilienthal